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News
and comment by a journalist based in London
Advances in technology make television part of the soldier's kitbag This first appeared in East, 21 March 1997. IT
TURNS out that information, rather than space, is the final frontier.
Last week's launch from Cape Canaveral of yet another direct broadcast
satellite, boldly bringing new life and new civilisations - the Simpsons,
the X Files, Baywatch - to places where no Western broadcaster has gone
before, stresses, I suppose, the increasing impact of satellite
television on the nonwestern world. In
the finest traditions of space-age reporting: ahem, the mighty rocket
carrying the slender satellite into the Florida night sky left a fiery
comet-like streak visible for more than 160 km. Using digital compression,
the 3,558 kg satellite, with its 30-metre-long electricity-generating
solar wings, can now splatter half the planet with over 150 television
channels. Gee
whiz, I guess. But what's most startling is that the Atlas 2A rocket
- the one with the fiery comet-like streak - started life in the 1950s
as an intercontinental ballistic missile. Once a carrier of death, now
a carrier of Friends, the Atlas rocket's new role could be mistaken
as another sign of the defence deficit, a modern example of a sword
that's been beaten into a ploughshare. It
doesn't signal anything of the sort, of course. Military analysts predict
that at a tactical level future wars are expected to involve 'information
warfare' as much as battles over territory or resources. New
military technologies mean that an enemy can be disabled by the destruction
of its computing, financial, telecoms or air-traffic control systems.
These technologies include satellite global positioning systems (GPS),
which allows precise navigation; radar-evading 'stealth' capabilities;
and computer processing of battlefield information. In
Bosnia, the Americans have already deployed JSTARS, a ground-surveilance
system: using information beamed down by satellites, a single screen
can display the position and type of every vehicle within a 200 km square
area. The
day after the satellite launch, the Afghan Taliban made a decisive countermove
in their culture struggle with the West. Probably recognising
the old media studies maxim that information is power, the Department
for Promoting Virtue and Preventing Vice cited the Sharia (the Islamic
legal code) and banned news agencies and television crews from filming
"living bodies". According
to a German television crew, Amir Khan Mutaqi, Minister of Information,
said: "It is permissible to film empty buildings and landscapes
as long as there are no people or animals in view." The
Taliban's argument is that the depiction of living forms is forbidden
under Islamic law. In line with this, it also banned the import and
export of video cassettes and recorders. Public hangings of television
sets have been taking place in Kandahar, its southern power-base. Is
executing television sets ludicrous? Mediaeval even? Not really. Given
their priorities, what the Taliban are doing is perfectly reasonable.
The theological debate over icons in Islam may be a tortuous one. But,
on a practical level, the Taliban see that power and culture are two
sides of the same equation. Culture follows power; power is reinforced
by the values that culture smuggles in. Let
in MTV and you let in individualism, market economics and political
democracy. Which might sound fine, but you join a game in which the
dice are loaded against you, which you can't possibly win. If you try
to leave, the West will force you to stay. In
other words, one day you're watching the satellite; the next, you
find you are one. home|
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